Platypnée-orthodéoxie : un cas rare d’hypoxémie secondaire d’une réouverture post-traumatique du foramen ovale perméable

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome is a rare disease characterized by dyspnea and oxygen desaturation in the upright position with improvement in the supine position. We report a case of an 87-year-old woman with a recent history of traumatic hip, spine deformity and vertebral compression fracture, referred due to dyspnea oxygen desaturation. Thoracic tomodensitometry excluded the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Transthoracic echocardiography, with intravenous administration of agitated saline contrast solution, revealed the presence of atrial septal defect associated with a right to left shunting and mild enlargement of aortic root. Surgical closure of atrial septal defect resulted in resolution of the syndrome.     

Setting the bar: Standards for ecosystem services

Progress in ecosystem service science has been rapid, and there is now a healthy appetite among key public and private sector decision makers for this science. However, changing policy and management is a long-term project, one that raises a number of specific practical challenges. One impediment to broad adoption of ecosystem service information is the lack of standards that define terminology, acceptable data and methods, and reporting requirements. Ecosystem service standards should be tailored to specific use contexts, such as national income and wealth accounts, corporate sustainability reporting, land-use planning, and environmental impact assessments. Many standard-setting organizations already exist, and the research community will make the most headway toward rapid uptake of ecosystem service science by working directly with these organizations. Progress has been made in aligning with existing organizations in areas such as product certification and sustainability reporting, but a major challenge remains in mainstreaming ecosystem service information into core public and private use contexts, such as agricultural and energy subsidy design, national income accounts, and corporate accounts.     

科研评价导向的改变对中文科技期刊的机遇与挑战

【目的】 值此《中国科技期刊研究》创刊30周年之际,思考科研评价体系的改变给中文科技期刊带来的影响,为中文期刊探寻发展路径。【方法】 结合对中文科技期刊困境的研究,提出应对策略。【结果】 近期国家陆续出台的纠偏评价导向的政策文件,为中文科技期刊既带来了发展机遇,也提出了挑战。【结论】 在重构符合中文科技期刊发展特点的评价体系的基础上,中文科技期刊应明确目标定位,面向国家需求,提升知识服务能力,建立品牌特色。     

卫生应急服务覆盖程度及其效果：基于辽宁吉林两省的实证分析

目的分析辽宁吉林两省卫生应急服务覆盖程度及其工作效果，为辽宁吉林两省进一步完善突发公共卫生事件应急处置体系提供理论依据。 方法为了保持量化的原则，选取功能服务与公众需要的匹配程度这一具体指标来反映卫生应急服务覆盖程度，系统收集2000至2017年辽宁吉林两省卫生应急服务相关的文件和文献数据，摘录文件中所涉及的卫生应急服务三级预防功能服务的表述；摘录文献中涉及的卫生应急服务工作效果的表述，采用"五分度评分法"判定工作效果；采用Speraman相关、单因素回归方法分析辽宁吉林两省卫生应急服务覆盖范围与辽宁吉林两省工作效果的关系。 结果2017年，辽宁省卫生应急服务覆盖程度达到56.5%，吉林省达到64.7%。辽宁吉林两省卫生应急服务覆盖程度与卫生应急工作效果都呈正相关关系(P均<0.05)，并且吉林省的显著性更强。 结论吉林省在卫生应急服务覆盖程度表现更佳。同时也验证了卫生应急服务覆盖程度量化方法和工作效果评价方法是可行的，可应用于公共卫生的其他领域。     

Cancer/health communication and breast/cervical cancer screening among Asian Americans and five Asian ethnic groups

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This paper is an examination of cancer/health communication factors (i.e. cancer/health information seeking, patient-provider communication (PPC), cancer screening information from providers) and screening for breast and cervical cancer among Asian Americans and five Asian ethnic groups (Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, Koreans, Vietnamese) in comparison to Whites. Additionally, the relationship between cancer/health communication disparity and cancer screening gaps between Asian Americans and Whites was investigated.

Design: Data comes from a nationally representative sample of 2011–2014 Health Information National Trends Surveys (HINTS).

Results: Asian Americans and most Asian ethnic-groups reported significantly lower rates of cancer/health information seeking and lower evaluations for PPC as compared to Whites, though differences within Asian ethnic groups were observed (Koreans’ greater cancer/health information seeking, Japanese’ higher PPC evaluation). When the cancer/health communication factors were controlled, Asian Americans’ odds of cancer screening were increased. Especially, Asian Americans’ odds of adhering to the breast cancer screening guideline became nearly 1.4 times greater than Whites.

Conclusion: This research demonstrates that health organizations, providers, and Asian American patients’ collaborative efforts to increase the access to quality cancer information, to make culturally competent but straightforward screening recommendations, and to practice effective communication in medical encounters will contribute to diminishing cancer disparities among Asian Americans.     

基于超效率DEA的天津市基本公共卫生配置资源效率研究

评价天津市各辖区基本公共卫生服务的资源配置效率,寻求有效的资源配置措施和方法,为进一步优化卫生资源配置提供参考依据。方法利用数据包络分析,对天津市16辖区的基本公共卫生服务进行效率评价。结果天津市基本公共卫生服务的资源配置效率整体不高,仅有5辖区达到了规模最优,多数区非DEA有效,且投入过剩与产出不足并存。结论为了达到最优的基本公共卫生服务效率,政府及各级基本公共卫生服务机构必须有效地完善、落实相关政策,优化资源投入结构,统筹地区差异,加强资源供给管理,提高资源利用效率。     

An institutional ethnography of prevention and treatment services for substance use disorders in the Dominican Republic

ABSTRACT

The Dominican Republic is thought to have significant epidemics of illicit drug use but lacks surveillance and formal analyses of the policy context of drug prevention and treatment services. We conducted an institutional ethnography of 15 drug service organisations in Santo Domingo and Boca Chica, Dominican Republic, to explore barriers and resources for drug abuse prevention and treatment. Here, we present a typology of drug service organisations based on their services, methods, and approach. We then draw on interviews with representatives of drug service institutions to describe the primary barriers to drug treatment and prevention services for drug users. We conclude with a focus on the policy priorities that could improve the conditions of health care for marginalised drug users in the Dominican Republic.     

2008-2017年全国肺结核发病的时空分布特征分析

目的 探讨2008 -2017年我国肺结核发病的流行趋势及时空分布特征，为探索我国结核病发病高危区域，合理制定疾病防控策略和措施提供理论依据。方法 收集2008-2017年全国31个省份（直辖市、自治区）报告的肺结核发病资料，结合中国矢量化省界电子地图，应用空间自相关和时空扫描分析等方法，研究肺结核病的时空分布特征。结果 2008-2017年我国肺结核发病率总体呈逐年下降趋势，肺结核发病分布存在着明显的全局空间正相关性（Moran’s I>0, P<0.05），西部地区高于东部地区，其中新疆、西藏、青海等中西部地区为高-高聚集模式地区（P<0.05），北京、江苏和河北为低-低聚集模式地区（P<0.05）。结论 从全国范围来看，我国肺结核发病存在着明显的空间聚集性，应针对近年来疾病出现高发的中西部地区，适当增加结核病防控方面的卫生资源配置和健康教育宣传力度，综合制定区域性结核病防控策略。